India

The Major Physiographic Division

		The collision between the two ancient land masses has 

ruselted in the formation of a well-integrated Indian subcontinent. It has three 

structural components they are listed below. 

• The Great Mountain Wall of the Norht

• The Northern Plain

• The Great Peninsular Plateau

The Great Mountain Wall of the North

		In the central Asia not far from India, lies the wall-known Pamir Knot.
It is offen called as the roof of the world. From this Knot run several mountain ranges.
One of them is the Kunlun which moves Eastwards into Tibet. Another range i.e the karakoram
enter into Kashmir and runs south-east and includes the plateau of Aksai Chin. It extends
further east and is knows as the kailasa Range in Tibet. The Karakoram are lofty mountain 
containing K2, the second highest mountain peak of the world. The Karakoram pass has now 
acquired special importance. There are big glaciers i.e slow moving solid rivers of ice,
 inthis part. The  Baltoro and the Siachin are some of the glaciers of this area.

		To the south of the Karakoram lie two parallel ranges. They are known as the Ladakh and
 the Zaskar ranges. Note the indus river rising in the vicinity of the Kalias and other
 ranges before entering India. In Kashmir it flows between the Ladakh and the Zaskar mountain ranges
 from south-east to north-west.

		The Himalayas extend from the Indus to  the Brahmaputra in the east.
They form an arc between these two extremes, covering a distance of 2,500 km. The width 
of the Himalaya varies from 400 km in the west to 150 km in the east. They are wide in 
Kashmir and becomes narrow towards the east. The hight of the eastern half is greater than
the western half.

		The himalayas are young fold mountains. By and large there are three distinet ranges
running parallel to one another. The northen most range is the loftiest of all.
All the high peaks of the Himalaya belong to this range. The Mount Everest or Sagaramatha
is the highest peak in the world. Its hight is 8848 metres. It is located in Nepal.
Kanchenjunga is the second highest peak of the Himalaya and lies in Sikkim in India.  

Population

Table below shows the growth of in various census years.
Except for one year i.e. 1921 our population has constantly been increasing. The latest 1991
census figures show that out of the total population of 84 cores about 43 cores
were males and 41 cores were females.

Growth of Population in India since 1901

    
	 YEAR	POPULATION	    Decadal variation	                ANNNAL
                   (crore)           ABSOLUTE 	 PER CENT              Growth rate 
                                                                  	(Per cent)


	 1901	238 396 327
	 1911	252 093 390    	    +13 697 063	  +5.75		  	   0.56
  	 1921 	251 321 213	    -00 772 177	  -0.31			  -0.31
	 1931	278 977 238	    +27 656 025	  +11.0		  	   1.04      	  
	 1941	318 660 580	    +39 683 342	  +14.22		   1.33	 	   
	 1951	361 088 090	    +42 420 485	  +13.31		   1.25	 	   
	 1961	439 234 771	    +77 682 873	  +21.51		   1.96	 	   
	 1971	548 159 652  	   +108 924 881	  +24.80		   2.20	          	                         
	 1981	683 329 097   	   +135 169 445	  +24.66           	   2.22                       
	 1991	843 930 861	   +160 601 764	  +23.50           	   2.11                       

Density of Population

			Year			Density
					     (per square km)



			1901			 77
			1911			 82
			1921			 81
			1931			 90
			1941			103
			1951			117
			1961			142
			1971			177
			1981			216
			1991			267

The Population of a Country increases or Decrease
because of three factors.

1. Birth
2. Deaths
3. Migration-both inwards and outwards.

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